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Richard Nelson Williamson (born 8 March 1940) is an English traditionalist Catholic bishop who opposes the changes in the Catholic Church brought about by the Second Vatican Council. He was originally a member of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), but was expelled from the SSPX in 2012. In 1988, Williamson was one of four SSPX priests who were illicitly ordained as bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, for which they incurred automatic excommunication.〔(Apostolic Letter 'Ecclesia Dei' )〕 The validity of the excommunication is disputed by the SSPX who say that the ordinations were necessary due to a crisis in the Catholic Church.〔(The 1988 consecrations: a theological study (July & September 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Accessed 2008-01-01 )〕〔(The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study (November 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Accessed 2008-01-01 )〕 The excommunications, including that of Williamson, were lifted on 21 January 2009, but the suspension of the bishops from the exercise of ministry within the Catholic Church remained in force. Immediately afterwards, Swedish television broadcast an interview recorded earlier at the SSPX's Seminary in Zaitzkofen, Bavaria. During the interview, Williamson had expressed a belief that Nazi Germany did not use gas chambers during the Holocaust and that a total of between 200,000 and 300,000 Jews were killed. Based upon these statements, the Bishop was immediately charged with and convicted of Holocaust denial by a German court. The Holy See declared Pope Benedict had been unaware of Williamson's views when he lifted the excommunication of the four bishops, and that Williamson would remain suspended from his episcopal functions until he unequivocally and publicly distances himself from his position on the Holocaust.〔 〕 In 2010 he was convicted of incitement in a German court in relation to those views; the conviction was later vacated on appeal〔(Hamburger Abendblatt, 22 February 2012 )〕 but then reinstated on retrial in early 2013.〔("German court convicts British Holocaust-denying bishop" ), ''Haaretz''/Associated Press, 16 January 2013〕 He appealed again,〔(Fourth Trial )〕 but his appeal was rejected. After a number of incidents, including calling for the deposition of Bernard Fellay as the Superior General of the Society of St. Pius X, his refusal to stop publishing his weekly email and an unauthorised visitation to Brazil, Williamson was expelled from the Society.〔("Communiqué of the General House of the Society of Saint Pius X )〕 ==Early life== Williamson was born in Buckinghamshire, England, the middle son of a Marks and Spencers buyer and his wealthy American wife.〔 Williamson attended Winchester College before going on to study at Clare College, Cambridge, where he received a lower second-class〔''The Annual Register of the University of Cambridge for the Year 1961–62'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962). 〕 degree in English literature.〔 Upon graduating, he taught at a college in Ghana for a brief period.〔〔 In September 1965 he returned to England and from 1965 to 1970 taught at St Paul's School in London, where records show him to have been a popular teacher and speaker, involved with multiple extracurricular activities. Williamson, originally an Anglican, was received into the Catholic Church in 1971.〔〔 After a few months as a postulant at the Brompton Oratory, he left.〔 He became a member of the Society of St Pius X, a traditionalist Catholic faction founded by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in 1970 in protest against what Lefebvre saw as the liberalism of the Second Vatican Council,〔〔 Williamson entered the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône, Switzerland, and in 1976 he was ordained a priest by Lefebvre.〔〔 Williamson subsequently moved to the United States, where he served as the rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Ridgefield, Connecticut from 1983, and continued in the position when the seminary moved to Winona, Minnesota in 1988.〔 Williamson is fluent in English, French, German and Spanish. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Williamson (bishop)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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